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991.
黑色高岭石粘土岩,是铜川王石凹煤矿石炭纪煤系地层顶部,五号煤层的上部一层稳定的煤矸石。经偏光显微镜及费氏台测试光性特征、化学试验及分析鉴定表明,这是一种由高岭石组成的,成分很纯、颗粒大、结晶良好的高岭石粘土岩。据微量元素含量分析,此高岭石系淡水沉积物。 相似文献
992.
Daniel Hillel 《水文研究》1987,1(2):143-147
Release of water from the soil in the process of internal drainage, and its continued downward movement through the vadose zone, constitute the main mechanism of groundwater recharge. Water released from the soil generally contains solutes, and these are conveyed to the groundwater via the same pathways as the drained water. Knowledge of those pathways is essential in any attempt to minimize the likelihood of groundwater pollution. Solutes generally interact with the medium in which they reside or travel, and the spatial and temporal pattern of their movement influences the nature and extent of their interactions. For many years, the assumption had prevailed that flow in the vadose zone is a steady-state, uniform process. Hence the vadose zone can serve to filter, attenuate, as well as degrade, potential pollutants. Recently, however, the existence of preferred pathways has come to light. Such pathways might connect the soil's upper zone directly to the water-table, thus bypassing the greater volume of the vadose zone and evading its filtering mechanisms. Groundwater recharge models that ignore the possibility of such spurts of contamination may be highly misleading. Preferred flow path may be cracks, animal burrows, or decayed root channels. Less easily discernible are transient and random paths associated with the phenomenon of ‘unstable flow’, which is most likely to occur in layered soils during infiltration. The wetting front, instead of remaining horizontal and advancing continuously from one layer to the next, may begin (particularly in transition from a fine-textured to a coarse-textured layer) to form bulges, called ‘fingers’, which propagate downwards and may become, in effect, vertical pipes. At present we are aware only of the occasional occurrence and potential importance of such phenomena, but as yet have neither the systematic empirical data, nor a proven comprehensive theoretical framework, by which to assess where, when, and according to what pattern, they are likely to occur. 相似文献
993.
The occurrence of foliated rock masses is common in mining environment. Methods employing continuum approximation in describing the deformation of such rock masses possess a clear advantage over methods where each rock layer and each inter‐layer interface (joint) is explicitly modelled. In devising such a continuum model it is imperative that moment (couple) stresses and internal rotations associated with the bending of the rock layers be properly incorporated in the model formulation. Such an approach will lead to a Cosserat‐type theory. In the present model, the behaviour of the intact rock layer is assumed to be linearly elastic and the joints are assumed to be elastic–perfectly plastic. Condition of slip at the interfaces are determined by a Mohr–Coulomb criterion with tension cut off at zero normal stress. The theory is valid for large deformations. The model is incorporated into the finite element program AFENA and validated against an analytical solution of elementary buckling problems of a layered medium under gravity loading. A design chart suitable for assessing the stability of slopes in foliated rock masses against flexural buckling failure has been developed. The design chart is easy to use and provides a quick estimate of critical loading factors for slopes in foliated rock masses. It is shown that the model based on Euler's buckling theory as proposed by Cavers (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 1981; 14 :87–104) substantially overestimates the critical heights for a vertical slope and underestimates the same for sub‐vertical slopes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
995.
北祁连中西段发育三套早古生代蛇绿岩及相应的基性、超基性岩,呈北、中、南三条带状分布。区内金的活化、迁移主要受控于超基性岩带和与其分布近于一致的两条韧性剪切带,金矿化主要发生在强蚀变超基性岩体内、岩体与围岩接触带、断裂破碎蚀变带内。根据包裹体测温及成分测定、稳定同位素特征资料及超基性岩中金丰度值等分析,金矿物质主要来自超基性岩,流体来源于深部,其成因属与超基性岩有关的韧性剪切带型金矿床。 相似文献
996.
997.
砬子山岩体出露于华北地台抚顺—清原古隆起带与吉黑地槽的相接部位。砬子山岩体是由石英闪长岩、似斑状石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩构成的杂岩体。4个岩性不同的侵入体构成连续的中-酸性钙碱岩石序列。岩体的地质特征、地球化学特征表明4个侵入体是同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。岩浆的演化机制为深部岩浆分异作用,岩浆则是来源于下部地壳。 相似文献
998.
黄金可以入药,历代本草均有记载。但因不溶性金被人体吸收极微,内服有一定毒性,加之其价格昂贵及一些药理学和比较复杂的检测处理与技术加工问题,不能普遍应用。自然界许多动植物都是聚金能手,特别是生长于富金岩石及金矿床风化土壤中的植物含金一般较高,部分动物因以含金植物为食,体内也含一定量的金,并且有些动植物本身就是中药材和食物。据此建议采取一定手段将含金较高、但未达工业品级的岩石,通过生物循环把金聚集至动、植物体内,金与动植物体内蛋白质等有机质结合成金的有机络合物,将此类动植物用于医疗或食疗,既可减小金的毒性,便于人体吸收,又可把未达工业品级的含金岩石利用起来。豫西某构造蚀变岩金矿,其上覆土壤中生长着含金植物,这些植物灰分中含金4×10-9~98×10-9,其中以野苋菜的籽和叶灰分中含金最高(含金75×10-9~98×10-9),看来在本区用野苋菜籽和叶灰分中金含量进行找矿是可行的 相似文献
999.
Two-phase flow in fractured rock is an important phenomenon for a range of practical problems, not the least of which is
non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination of groundwater. Although multiphase systems have long been studied in the petroleum
field, in the hydrogeological field progress has only just reaches the point where models are being developed. Scale effect
is one of the main issues of concern. Although models presented in this paper have the potential to provide useful predictions,
they can only be used to investigate a variety of possible scenarios with parameters being specified in the form of distribution
of values. The calibration and validation of all but the simplest of these models poses a formidable task, with great demands
on hydrogeologists and geophysicists to provide adequate data.
Received: 20 May 1996 · Accepted: 19 August 1996 相似文献
1000.
大青山地区出露地层主要是侏罗系中统兰旗组安山岩、安山质角砾熔岩、凝灰岩等;侵入岩为晚侏罗世二长花岗岩;断裂发育,岩石蚀变强烈。金地球化学特征表明,金主要富集在侏罗系中统兰旗组火山岩中。金的原生晕、次生晕异常特征和分布表明,破碎蚀变岩带就是金矿化蚀变带。通过野外地质调查已在三道盘—马家窝铺的安山岩和二长花岗岩中发现了5条金矿化带和29条金银矿脉。实践证明,在大青山地区进行金矿普查运用地球化学方法是有效的。 相似文献